PSG has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
However, Marseille fired two times late to take a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 years.